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Cryptography

The mathematics of secrecy, derived from number theory and algebra.

Public-Key Cryptography

  • RSA - The first practical public-key cryptosystem, built on the difficulty of factoring large numbers.
  • Elliptic Curve Cryptography - Stronger security with smaller keys, using the algebra of elliptic curves.
  • Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange - How two strangers agree on a secret over an open channel (\(g^{ab} \mod p\)).